From Qingdao A. amurensis, collagen was first isolated and extracted. Subsequently, an investigation was undertaken to characterize the protein's pattern, amino acid composition, secondary structure, microstructure, and thermal stability. Aqueous medium The study's findings indicated that A. amurensis collagen (AAC) is a Type I collagen, with the presence of alpha-1, alpha-2, and alpha-3 chains. Among the amino acids, glycine, hydroxyproline, and alanine were the most abundant. The critical point for melting was 577 degrees Celsius. Lastly, the impact of AAC on osteogenic differentiation in mouse bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) was characterized, highlighting AAC's capacity to promote osteogenic differentiation by accelerating BMSC proliferation, enhancing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, fostering the formation of mineralized nodules, and upregulating the expression of related osteogenic gene mRNA. These outcomes indicate a possible role for AAC in developing functional foods for bone health.
Human health benefits are associated with seaweed's functional bioactive components. Analysis of Dictyota dichotoma extracts, processed with n-butanol and ethyl acetate, revealed ash content at 3178%, crude fat at 1893%, crude protein at 145%, and carbohydrate at 1235%. In the n-butanol extract, approximately nineteen compounds were discovered, with undecane, cetylic acid, hexadecenoic acid (Z-11 isomer), lageracetal, dodecane, and tridecane being prominent components; conversely, twenty-five compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate extract, featuring tetradecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid (Z-11 isomer), undecane, and myristic acid as key constituents. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carboxylic acid, phenol, aromatic ring system, ether linkage, amide groups, sulfonate group, and ketone structure. Significantly, the total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the ethyl acetate extract reached 256 and 251 mg GAE per gram, respectively. Conversely, the n-butanol extract exhibited 211 and 225 mg QE per gram, respectively. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts, at a concentration of 100 mg/mL, exhibited 6664% and 5656% DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively. Candida albicans exhibited the highest susceptibility to antimicrobial action, followed by Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed the lowest inhibition across all concentrations. In vivo hypoglycemic experiments indicated that both extracts displayed concentration-dependent hypoglycemic activities. In closing, this macroalgae displayed antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hypoglycemic functions.
The jellyfish *Cassiopea andromeda* (Forsskal, 1775), a scyphozoan species, supports a symbiotic relationship with autotrophic dinoflagellates belonging to the Symbiodiniaceae family. This species is widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific Ocean, the Red Sea, and now also the warmest Mediterranean areas. These microalgae, besides delivering photosynthates to their host organisms, exhibit the remarkable ability to produce bioactive compounds including long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and pigments, including carotenoids, these compounds display antioxidant properties and diverse beneficial biological activities. To achieve a more precise biochemical characterization of the extracted fractions from the jellyfish holobiont's oral arms and umbrella, a fractionation method was used in this study on its hydroalcoholic extract. Lumacaftor The analyzed parameters were the composition of each fraction (including proteins, phenols, fatty acids, and pigments), coupled with the corresponding antioxidant activity. The oral arms demonstrated a superior level of zooxanthellae and pigments relative to the umbrella. Pigments and fatty acids were effectively separated from proteins and pigment-protein complexes using the applied fractionation procedure. Thus, the C. andromeda-dinoflagellate holobiont could be considered a promising natural source of multiple bioactive compounds derived from mixotrophic metabolism, which are desirable for a broad spectrum of biotechnological applications.
By disrupting numerous molecular pathways, Terrein (Terr), a bioactive marine secondary metabolite, displays both antiproliferative and cytotoxic actions. An anticancer drug, gemcitabine (GCB), is used in treating diverse tumors, including colorectal cancer; nonetheless, it encounters tumor cell resistance, often resulting in treatment failure.
An assessment of terrein's potential anticancer properties, including its antiproliferative and chemomodulatory effects on GCB, was conducted against colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HT-29, and SW620) under both normoxic and hypoxic (pO2) conditions.
Subject to the prevailing conditions. Quantitative gene expression, supplemented by flow cytometry, was used for the additional analysis.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) spectroscopy applied to metabolomics research.
The joint application of GCB and Terr produced a synergistic result in the context of normal oxygen levels within HCT-116 and SW620 cell lines. Across both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, the application of (GCB + Terr) to HT-29 cells resulted in an antagonistic effect. The combined treatment provoked apoptosis within the HCT-116 and SW620 cancer cell populations. Significant alterations in the extracellular amino acid metabolite profile were identified by metabolomic analysis, directly linked to the change in oxygen levels.
GCB's anti-colorectal cancer attributes, shaped by terrain, are demonstrably reflected in its cytotoxicity, impact on cell cycle progression, induction of apoptosis, modulation of autophagy, and changes in intra-tumoral metabolism, both under normal and low oxygen tension.
GCB's anti-colorectal cancer properties are influenced by terrain, leading to variations in cytotoxicity, cell cycle modulation, apoptosis induction, autophagy enhancement, and changes in intra-tumoral metabolic processes under diverse oxygenation conditions.
Novel structures and diverse biological activities often accompany the exopolysaccharide production by marine microorganisms, a direct result of their specific marine environment. Recently, active exopolysaccharides from marine microorganisms are prominently highlighted as a vital research area in new drug discovery, and their future development is significant. This study extracted a homogenous exopolysaccharide, labeled PJ1-1, from the fermented broth of the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium janthinellum N29. PJ1-1, as determined by chemical and spectroscopic analysis, constitutes a novel galactomannan with a molecular weight of roughly 1024 kDa. The 2),d-Manp-(1, 4),d-Manp-(1, 3),d-Galf-(1 and 2),d-Galf-(1 units formed the fundamental structure of PJ1-1, with a degree of glycosylation observed at the C-3 position of the 2),d-Galf-(1 component. A laboratory evaluation of PJ1-1's hypoglycemic activity involved analyzing its influence on -glucosidase activity, demonstrating a substantial effect. In order to further investigate the anti-diabetic properties of PJ1-1 in a live mouse model, mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin were used. PJ1-1 treatment led to a considerable lowering of blood glucose levels and an enhanced ability to manage glucose tolerance. Significantly, PJ1-1's effect was to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce the manifestation of insulin resistance. Moreover, PJ1-1 markedly decreased serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while augmenting serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, thereby leading to the resolution of dyslipidemia. These results support the notion that PJ1-1 could be a potential candidate for an anti-diabetic agent.
Seaweed boasts a range of bioactive compounds, with polysaccharides being particularly abundant and holding considerable biological and chemical importance. Though algal polysaccharides, particularly those containing sulfate groups, show great promise for pharmaceutical, medical, and cosmeceutical applications, their large molecular size frequently limits their industrial viability. This research project focuses on determining the bioactivities of degraded red algal polysaccharides, using various in vitro experimental methods. The structure, confirmed using both FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, was correlated with the molecular weight established through size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Lower molecular weight furcellaran exhibited greater hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than the original furcellaran specimen. A substantial decline in the anticoagulant activities of sulfated polysaccharides was observed upon reducing their molecular weight. surgical pathology Hydrolyzed furcellaran's ability to inhibit tyrosinase increased significantly, by a factor of 25. To determine the effects of differing molecular weights of furcellaran, carrageenan, and lambda-carrageenan on cell viability in RAW2647, HDF, and HaCaT cell lines, the alamarBlue assay was chosen. Further investigation showed that treatment with hydrolyzed κ-carrageenan and ι-carrageenan resulted in improved cell proliferation and wound healing, in contrast to hydrolyzed furcellaran which showed no influence on cell proliferation across any of the tested cell lines. The reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production, occurring sequentially as the molecular weight (Mw) of the polysaccharides decreased, indicates that hydrolyzed carrageenan, kappa-carrageenan, and furcellaran may possess therapeutic benefits for inflammatory diseases. The dependence of polysaccharide bioactivities on molecular weight (Mw) underscores the potential of hydrolyzed carrageenans for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
The potential of marine products as a source of biologically active molecules is significant and promising. From diverse natural marine environments—sponges, stony corals (hard corals, notably the Scleractinian genus), sea anemones, and one nudibranch—the tryptophan-derived marine natural products, aplysinopsins, were isolated. Various marine organisms found in geographical areas including the Pacific, Indonesia, Caribbean, and Mediterranean have yielded aplysinopsins, as indicated in reports.